Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: Severe acute pancreatitis

نویسنده

  • L. Bordejé
چکیده

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Resumen La pancreatitis aguda grave es una patología que cursa con complicaciones locales y sistémicas que condicionan una situación de estrés altamente catabólica, hipermeta-bólica e hiperdinámica con marcada morbimortalidad. En la última década, el soporte nutricional se ha con-vertido en uno de los puntos clave en el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda grave. Así, hay indicación de nutrición especializada desde el ingreso, siendo de elección la nutri-ción enteral sobre la nutrición parenteral administrada de forma precoz más allá del ligamento de treitz, para provocar el mínimo estímulo pancreático. No hay estu-dios específicos que nos aclaren cuál es el tipo de dieta a administrar, pero los expertos recomiendan la utilización de dietas poliméricas. La nutrición parenteral, sin una fórmula concreta, quedaría indicada en los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave que presentan intolerancia a la nutrición enteral o cuando se agravan los signos clínicos de pancreatitis al administrar la dieta enteral. Aun así, se recomienda man-tener una mínima perfusión de nutrición enteral para preservar el efecto trófico de la mucosa intestinal. En los últimos años se han realizado numerosos trabajos refe-rentes a la administración de dietas inmunomoduladoras en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave, con la finali-dad de objetivar cambios en su evolución. Sin embargo, hay pocas recomendaciones claras en cuanto a los benefi-cios pronósticos de la administración de dietas enriqueci-das en farmaconutrientes, específicamente en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave. Sustentada por una eviden-cia científica relevante, el aporte de glutamina por vía parenteral en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave parece ser la única indicación clara de farmaconutrición en pancreatitis aguda grave recomendando su uso todas las guías de referencia para la práctica clínica con dife-rentes grados de evidencia. Abstract Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) causes local and sys-temic complications leading to high catabolic, hyperme-tabolic and hyperdynamic stress states with marked morbidity and mortality. In the last decade, nutritional support has become a key element in the treatment of SAP. Thus, specialized nutrition is indicated from admission, with enteral nutrition being preferred to parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition should be initiated early using infusion through the jejunum beyond the ligament of Treitz to minimize pancreatic stress. There are no specific studies that establish the type of diet to be used but experts recommend the use of poly-meric diets. Parenteral nutrition, without a specific formula, is indicated in patients with SAP who are intolerant to …

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Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient: update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: severe acute pancreatitis.

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تاریخ انتشار 2015